ࡱ> y   !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxz{|}~Root EntryZ O2bNyCONTENTS Object 1YnL -.yB/yContentsGtve published our raw data on their website in order to share the information we have collected since early 2007 with the public at large as soon as possible. Also noteworthy is our contact with Mrs. Danielle Wood a student at MIT who wrote an excellent undergraduate thesis titled The Use of Satellite-Based Technologies in Developing Countries. Mrs. Wood is now pursuing her PhD on the same topic. Very similar in nature to our project is the SADC survey conducted under the leadership of Mr. Peter Martinez from the National Research Foundation of the Republic of South Africa several years ago which is still due for public release. Last but not least is our dialogue with Mrs. Kate Lance who is a big role model to us given the co-ordination and facilitation she provides to the SERVIR-Africa Community initiative. We have received encouraging feedback from the European Space Agency, European Space Policy Institute, International Space University, Secure World Foundation and the UN Office of Outer Space Affairs. We believe we can be of assistance to the IAF with regards Fostering Space for Africa and planned activities in preparation to the IAC 2011 in South Africa. III. INTRODUCTION  The darkest thing about Africa has always been our ignorance of it. George Kimble, Geographer. Since the ancient times, Africa has been undervaluated for its capability of developing and reaching other continent s levels of power and wealth. If we focus on the technological branch and, more precisely, on the space sector, it s noticeable that very few African country have reached significant levels of space technology and exploration develop yet. On the other hand, at the time of analyzing the African academic sector that is related to space, we can find out that there is a great leCHNKWKS TEXTTEXTjFDPPFDPPFDPPFDPPFDPPFDPPFDPCFDPCFDPCFDPCFDPCFDPCFDPCFDPCFDPCFDPCFDPCFDPCSTSHSTSHSTSHSTSHSYIDSYIDSGP SGP INK INK BTEPPLC (BTECPLC ,@FONTFONTlhTOKNPLC xxcellent undSPACE IN AFRICA Jim VOLP ABSTRACT The project that is presented in this paper has as aim to set up a comprehensive, free, Online Directory Service that details Space in Africa in terms of Institutions, Organisations, Companies as well as past, present and future African space projects and finally will go to the level of individuals. From such free Online Directory Service a social/community website can arise by providing added value information to its users. Such community website will contribute to information exchange and collaboration between pan-African space professionals and other parties. This paper describes the current state of affairs and the development plan of the project. Interested parties are invited to join this project as partners. I. VISION We believe that a free Online Directory Service with comprehensive information about African space organisations in the largest sense of the word including past, present and future space projects is a vital source of information, currently lacking, that can play a role in the development of African space endeavours. In a subsequent step this Directory service can be transformed into an attractive, Community (social) website where all individuals that have an interest in Space in Africa and related News will be invited to participate, stimulated to share information and experiences and build links for collaboration in Africa and outside. II. COLLABORATIONS We have started contacting organisations with similar or related activities and informed them about our activities. Many of them showed an interest and currently we prepare to make these collaborations meaningful. We started co-operating with the Space Renaissance Initiative as of 1st May 2010 and formed the Africa Space Renaissance Chapter (ASRC). We vel of interest in this topic inside many groups such as universities and student associations. Moreover, inside the industrial sector, companies that hold some relation with the space technology have enough work capacity to belong to a powerful project bounded to the space exploration and the development of the African society. Nevertheless, from a practical point of view, Africa, seen as a global technological sector, currently can t reach to a situation of unification of criteria. Neither intellectual nor economical power can be shared between countries because of the nonexistent communication between institutions and companies. This situation is the result of a lack of infrastructure that could link all industries and academic institutions to find ways of collaboration in bigger projects for bigger aims. Furthermore, there s a lack of communication between the previous mentioned sectors and the international institutions which aim to boost the African space sector through economical or intellectual help. In these groups we can find international NGOs or Space Agencies. We have detected these problems and now there s an aim to change this situation to start linking all the parts of this potential network to create a strong Space Network. This network will provide information from African space related companies, people and institutions to other entities worldwide that could be interested in this information. At the final stage of this project, that was started some time ago and it s currently in a consolidation process, students and companies will be able to share common projects, technology and ideas relate to space studying and exploration. IV. BACKGROUND Back in April 2002 ex-NASA Administrator Mr. Dan Goldin visited Delft University in Holland. At the end of Mr. Goldin s presentation Jim Volp asked Mr. Goldin how he would tap into the under-utilized intellect that is present amongst African youth and how he would go about involving them to play a role in space activities. Mr. Goldin responded very passionately to the question, yet acknowledged that this is quite a challenge. In May 2005 Jim was invited to join UNESCO on a mission to Nigeria. Collecting information about African space activities to prepare for this trip wasn t straightforward. The mission left an everlasting positive impression, due to having witnessed the drive and energy and thus the potential of African youth. Later on, emails sent to distribution lists of the International Space University and Space Generation confirmed that a single website with comprehensive information on African space activities was missing. From that moment on, information on Space in Africa was collected. In the summer of 2008, Jim and his family hosted five students from different countries to work on several projects. Four of them worked on globalizing the network of SEDS. One of the five, a woman from Nigeria, fulfilled her ISU internship requirement collating the previously gathered information into a wiki. Now the project is looking for a robust and dynamic volunteer team to consolidate the project. V. PHASES OF THE PROJECT We have identified several phases in our development plan, that are meaningful to detail in this paper. These phases are not separated in time per se, but do indicate a change of emphasize over time: V.I - Data collection & verification V.II - Creation of website V.III - Offering of first services V.IV - Marketing and roll out V.V - Enhanced services V.I Data Collection and Verification Data collection and data verification are two continuous processes that constantly enlarge the amount of information people will have access to. That will bring more opportunities day by day to the users of the Online Directory Service. The data collection process has two stages. The first one consists in searching companies, organisations, academic institutions, etc. on sources such as the Internet or reviews. Then in the second stage all the collected information is introduced into a database. There are two different databases, one for the companies and organisations and other for the individuals. Each database has two different parts, one for the African entities and one for the non-African ones. In the  Entities database we include the following information: Organization/ person name (acronym), its full name, the contact person and its charge, the project or projects they re developing, the institution they belong to (in case they belong to a bigger institution), their contact information, the country they re from (in case they are international it is indicated as well) and their website. In the  People database we include the following information: Name, surname, position (student, charge in case of company, etc), the project they re developing (in case they re), the institution they belong to, the contact details, the country and their personal or company website (depending where they belong to). The verification process consists of getting in contact with each person or entity and ask to verify if all the collected information is correct. At the same time the person will be asked to give permission to appear in our database. This authorization can refer to the person itself or to the company in case this person has the power to authorize it. Currently, we believe we have sufficient data that we can move ahead and start drawing up detailed specifications for building the website, which we will be starting with at the beginning of January 2010. In paragraph X of this paper, we will visualise the extent of the information that we have collected. V.II Creation of the website We want to put on the market a sound product thus the website should be built by professionals. The website will be freely accessible. However, in order to protect the copyright of the data that has painstakingly been collected users will have to register for a (free) user account. After the registration the user will have complete access to all the information that is hosted on the website. A snapshot of the content will always be visible so that non registered visitors can appreciate the type of information the Service provides. Another reason to have a mandatory registration system is to expand and keep track of the user base. These new users are directly or indirectly of interest to the rest of the user base. When they add their professional details they can appear in job lists, project lists or student lists if they want to. All this options will be given to the user at the time of registering, explaining why is that information required. The appearance of the website must be fresh and dynamic so that users can browse contents on it through a friendly interface, but at the same time professional, precise and technical so that companies and professionals can see the seriousness of the aims of the Directory. The final product will be a core database surrounded by other useful services for the user. The Directory website will also have the possibility to create new services in the future. However, the website services won t stop growing since it will host more users with more needs. After a research we have identified the main needs users will have, including companies and individuals. They are explained below in the sections (V.III) and (V.V). V.III Offering of first services The first services that will be offered, let us repeat it again, for free, will be relevant News items and Documentation and maintaining a Calendar for African space events. The offered services will be the following: C.V. Database: This genuine service in databases will give the opportunity for the website users to add their C.V. and become part of an employment system to be legible in any company selection process. This way the website will become as well a search engine of professionals. Users will be able to choose the work areas they would like to be selected for. Companies will have access to users information (just in case they re in the job database) and, in case of election, they will be informed by us. Companies that would like to access to the Database will have to register and provide information about their activities. Mailing list: The user will be asked if he wants to be part of the Database mailing list. This mailing list will be used to contact all the Database users at the same time in case it is needed. These cases will be the release of the Database newsletter, the notification of any relevant change in the website or any other that could be decided by the website administrators. Forum: The forum tool will allow the web administrators to inform all the users about not relevant information without spamming them constantly. But the main objective will be to have a freedom use for registered users and companies so that they will be able to express any opinion, piece of news or any other information related to space in Africa. Users will be able to open new topics or give their own opinion with freedom since their comments are related to space in Africa and don t offend any person, nation or entity. Topics will be open and users will able to give their opinion about academic or professional themes. It s obvious the forum will need an administrator to control the topics and the mood of the conversations. This person can be the same that is hired to administrate the information flow that the website could experience. Newsletter: The newsletter will be a tool used in the future to give a serious and regular flow of information to the users. It will inform about the news in the African and international space sector plus Entities such as universities or student associations will have the chance to show their non-profit activities in the newsletter since the administrators decide that the information they want to show is relevant and useful. Companies and universities will be able to put ads or write articles about their profit activities since they receive the authorization of the administrators. V. IV Marketing and roll-out After creating the website with the collected and checked database it s necessary to have a considerable amount of registered users to give sense to the project at the same time that completing it with their professional information. This way the database will perform its commitment by giving information to individuals, student associations and the companies, from all of them to all of them. To reach to an acceptable level of users, a marketing campaign must be created to let people know about this genuine free service. It must start while finishing the second phase of the project, the creation of the website, so that users can know about the site before it starts working and so they can start registering from the first day. During website construction, the opening date will be announced in the main page. To successfully roll-out the website, the project will need to have collaboration with companies and organisations to be able to advertise this new service in their websites or magazines. The fares applied should be low or inexistent and its acceptance will depend on the previous funding the project receives. After being sponsored and advertised, the project managers will take the compromise with the collaborating entities to keep the website working properly and to advertise those helping entities in the Directory website as well. V.VI Enhance services Apart form hosting a huge amount of information in the Directory, the website will have a constant income of new information from new users or possible future researches. This information will have to be correctly placed and, if it is relevant, advertised through all users. VI. CONSEQUENCES FOR THE STUDENTS At the final stage of this project, students will be able to belong to not just a professional, but also a social network that will bring them together and will allow them to share and discuss about their common projects and problems. They will be able to develop their own projects using human resources from other cities in their country and from other countries in Africa. The result of this will be students working in a common project by using and giving their personal and technical experience to enrich the project and be able to reach to a final product without the companies help. The best example that shows that this situation is possible and works is the association LEEM in Spain. Through LEEM s network, students from different cities are working together in common projects without the need of being in the same location. Several Internet platforms were established to facilitate the communication between the involved students, such as email accounts, a  wiki to share all the project updates, a FTP server to host huge amounts of information and a website to show all the new advances. This networking system is so effective and easy to administrate that many students from all over the world were attracted by it and requested to belong to a network that currently is worldwide expanding. Moreover, the idea of digitally bringing together students from different countries needs a human part to strongly consolidate the relationship between the different student associations. The way to achieve in this aim is to allow the students to meet periodically. This way we introduce the human factor to the network and it will allow individuals and student associations representatives to discuss face to face about their experience with the network, their project achievements, their ideas about future, etc. For this reason we believe that it s necessary to create a yearly international congress. Although the project is in an early stage for starting international meetings, it s good to mention the outreach this network will have. And all of them linked with the African space industries and the intercontinental space sector; it is that what makes the Africa Space Project an avant-gardist project that, at the operating stage, will represent a significant benefit for the African space student associations and, moreover, will mean the creation of many new student space associations in several locations. It will also represent the main channel of communication between associations, so that students from a specific university will be able to be informed about latest news in the association and industry sector. VII. CONSEQUENCES FOR COMPANIES The Africa Space project will allow companies to access to an unlimited number of C.V. s and student and individuals profiles. With that valuable information they will have the chance to recruit candidates from all over Africa. Candidates in the Database are valuable human resources since they have a personal interest for space and they spend time in being part of space organisations through this website. Also it will provide to the current space industry a new way to communicate with possible future staff, which could belong to any African country, and not just from the base country of the company. In this group of people we understand college students, people who are going to leave their jobs or individual researchers or business people. This way competence will rise and better projects will empower the space sector. If we focus on a higher stage, all these associations and industries will be able to have permanent communication channels with other non-African space entities (as we can see in the graph on page 2). As a major benefit it can be remarkable that African companies will have the opportunity to contact many other companies in the same continents with similar activities. If companies make a good use of this information, many new common projects can rise between companies with the same objectives but with limited resources, that can be shared. At an intercontinental point of view, this will be a very significant fact since outer African space associations would have the opportunity to exchange ideas, projects, etc with the African space students. Moreover, the non-African industrial sector will have the chance to deal with African industry through this network (but I'm not sure if we should focus also on that) so that shared projects can be done and this way the space technology will be boosted up. VIII. REACHING TO EVERYONE Even the project team has already designed the entire Internet platform feature; we have the knowledge of the lack of technical infrastructure in some African countries. This lack affects mostly to the university students that unfortunately can t have access to the Internet regularly or eventually. For this reason part of the future project is orientated to create non-digital platforms to reach to everyone in the continent, which is our final aim. To achieve in this commitment we aim to create a physical way to register in the Database so that student s with low resources can appear in the student s database. Moreover, there is a need to keep the associations informed about the news related with the groups involved in the Network. Also the main changes in the Network should be communicated to the non-digital addressees. Because of this a communications protocol must be set, so that student associations can be in touch with other associations. Furthermore it will be useful for companies to be able to reach their potential staff for job information or for any help the company would like to give to the students. This system will work with postal mail and will also allow them to send their C.V. to us. Then we would upload it to the digital Database for the companies. Another project for the mentioned groups is to create a physical newsletter, which will have the same information as the digital one, but will be accessible for everyone that requests it in Africa. IX. ACHIEVEMENTS Currently the project has reached to a satisfactory level of progress, enough to let us certify that this will mean a significant change for the inter-student, inter-company and student-company relationships in Africa. The data collection phase is well underway; sufficient information needed to create a prototype directory was collected. And as was mentioned before, the database will constantly grow over time. Graph 2. This graph represents the number of entries that currently have been collected for each country. Graph 3. This graph represents the type and number of categories that the entries have been classified in. Moreover, we have contacted space-related people in Africa that show enthusiasm and are very interested in the final product of this project. Some of those people are currently collaborating with us and some others are willing to collaborate in the future. X. PROJECT SUPPORT This is a low-cost project to start of with since the prime development does not need many resources. However some seed capital is needed for the following reasons: The implementation of the website design will need to be done by a professional company in order to a) make it appealing b) provide a robust structure such that long-term maintenance will be most cost effective. For the initial population of the database and the provision of the first (critical) services a full time equivalent is deemed necessary that will have the following responsibilities: - Maintain, grow and enrich the core data. - Create a periodical newsletter with added value articles, news, conference and event announcements, funding and job opportunities, etc. etc. Providing real added value information is key to convince users of the usefulness of their registration with and their subsequent participation to the social/community website. - Administrate the forum to avoid possible violations of the forum rules and more importantly to stimulate exchange of views from early users (keep the forum alive). In the long term more funding is only needed when the demand for and provision of information grows with the number of (active) users. Hopefully by that time grants and/or corporate sponsoring will be able to cover this. We expect significant number of users and visitors based on a quantative comparison with the SERVIR community. It is btw our aim to employ people of the African continent. We are looking for partners who are interested in the project and feel they want to belong to it by supporting it financially. XI. THE WAY FORWARD This project represents a hope for all kind of entities related with Africa and space and will bring many opportunities simply by opening up information previously lacking. Given the authors involvement in different youth organisations, the newly identified youth organisations based in Africa will be contacted and informed about and invited to join their peers throughout the world. We can only imagine what will come of this& Naturally, one does not need to geographically constrain themselves, so in the future the region of interest can as easily be extended as the manpower that is needed to collect the new set of contact details can become available. The technology and web infrastructure will already be available to include more countries / regions / continents. XII. CONCLUSION Every day the World is becoming more and more united. More ambitious needs require greater resources. Therefore most of the entities that want to grow to be able to compete in this dynamic World regard the fact of working together as the only solution to develop relevant projects. Moreover, by letting companies get closer to students, we assure their abilities don t reach to space unrelated sectors. At the same time, students desire to discover new bounds and horizons to outstrip the current technological level, as we can see in many western countries. This is due to their will to develop our society, because young people thoughts are free from economical or political barriers. And when thoughts fly free, they become dreams. Dreams that one day will change the World into a more mature society, responsible with its surroundings and looking forward a World without barriers. We believe that by linking students we are empowering the future with wider and wiser minds. And that means wider and higher possibilities. Because the only way to reach space is by dreaming the space, let us dream and let the dream come true.  Tell me and I'll forget, show me and I may remember, involve me and I'll understand. 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